Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics: Methods, Challenges, and Advances
Ovarian cancer is one of the most serious gynecological malignancies due to its often subtle symptoms and late-stage detection. Accurate and timely diagnosis plays a critical role in improving survival rates and guiding effective treatment. Ovarian cancer diagnostics involve a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging techniques, laboratory tests, and pathological confirmation.
The diagnostic process typically begins with a thorough review of symptoms and medical history. Early-stage ovarian cancer may present with vague signs such as abdominal bloating, pelvic discomfort, frequent urination, or unexplained fatigue. Because these symptoms are common and often mistaken for benign conditions, healthcare providers rely on further diagnostic tools when symptoms persist.
Imaging tests are essential in evaluating suspected ovarian abnormalities. Transvaginal ultrasound is often the first-line imaging method, as it provides detailed images of the ovaries and surrounding tissues. This technique helps identify ovarian masses, cysts, or irregular growths. In cases where more information is needed, computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to assess tumor size, spread, and involvement of nearby organs.